n Al = a(mol) ; n Fe = b(mol)

=> 27a + 56b = 20,65(1)

2Al + 3H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2

a...........1,5a............0,5a............1.5a..(mol)

Fe + H2SO4 → FeSO4 + H2

b...........b..............b............b......(mol)

=> n H2 = 1,5a + b = 0,725(2)

Từ 1,2 suy ra a = 0,35 ; b = 0,2

Suy ra :

%m Al = 0,35.27/20,65  .100% = 45,76%
%m Fe = 100% -45,76% = 54,24%

m H2SO4 = (1,5a + b).98 = 71,05 gam

m muối = m kim loại + m H2SO4 -m H2 = 20,65 + 71,05 -0,725.2 = 90,25 gam

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,437}{24,79}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\)

x --->x----------------------->x

\(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)

y----->y------------------------>y

Có hệ phương trình: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+65y=11,3\\x+y=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

a

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{65.0,1.100\%}{11,3}=57,52\%\\\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{24.0,2.100\%\%}{11,3}=42,48\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b

\(V_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{x+y}{0,5}=\dfrac{0,2+0,1}{0,5}=0,6\left(l\right)\)

Trong \(20,4g\) hỗn hợp có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=c\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow65a+56b+27c=20,4\left(1\right)\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{10,08}{22,4}=0,45mol\)

\(BTe:2n_{Zn}+2n_{Fe}+3n_{Al}=2n_{H_2}\)

\(\Rightarrow2a+2b+3c=2\cdot0,45\left(2\right)\)

Trong \(0,2mol\) hhX có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Zn:ka\left(mol\right)\\Fe:kb\left(mol\right)\\Al:kc\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow ka+kb+kc=0,2\)

\(n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{6,16}{22,4}=0,275mol\)

\(BTe:2n_{Zn}+3n_{Fe}+3n_{Al}=2n_{Cl_2}\)

\(\Rightarrow2ka+3kb+3kc=2\cdot0,275\)

Xét thương:

 \(\dfrac{ka+kb+kc}{2ka+3kb+3kc}=\dfrac{0,2}{2\cdot0,275}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b+c}{2a+3b+3c}=\dfrac{4}{11}\)

\(\Rightarrow3a-b-c=0\left(3\right)\)

Từ (1), (2), (3)\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1mol\\b=0,2mol\\c=0,1mol\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Zn}=6,5g\\m_{Fe}=11,2g\\m_{Al}=2,7g\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(n_{Fe}=a\left(mol\right),n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{hh}=56a+27b=11\left(g\right)\left(1\right)\)

\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)

\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)

\(n_{H_2}=a+1.5b=0.4\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)

\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right):a=0.1,b=0.2\)

\(\%Fe=\dfrac{0.1\cdot56}{11}\cdot100\%=50.91\%\)

\(\%Al=49.09\%\)

a) Gọi số mol Fe, Cr là a, b (mol)

=> 56a + 52b = 10,8 (1)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Fe + H₂SO₄ --> FeSO₄ + H₂

             a---->a------------------->a

             Cr + H₂SO₄ --> CrSO₄ + H₂

              b--->b------------------->b

=> a + b = 0,2 (2)

(1)(2) => a = 0,1 (mol); b = 0,1 (mol)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%Fe=\dfrac{0,1.56}{10,8}.100\%=51,85\%\\\%Cr=\dfrac{0,1.52}{10,8}.100\%=48,15\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) \(n_{H_2SO_4}=a+b=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,2.98=19,6\left(g\right)\)

_{Không viết phương trình nhá !!}

a) Gọi a và b lần lượt là số mol của Mg và Al

\(\Rightarrow24a+27b=1,035\)  (1)

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1,176}{22,4}=0,0525\left(mol\right)\)

Bảo toàn electron: \(2a+3b=2\cdot0,0525\)  (2)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,015\\b=0,025\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,015\cdot24}{1,035}\cdot100\%\approx34,78\%\\\%m_{Al}=65,22\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\Sigma n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{100\cdot9,8\%}{98}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4\left(p/ứ\right)}=n_{H_2}=0,0525\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,0475\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,0475\cdot98=4,655\left(g\right)\)

c) Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al}=0,0125\left(mol\right)\\n_{MgO}=n_{Mg}=0,015\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{oxit}=0,0125\cdot102+0,015\cdot40=1,875\left(g\right)\)

a) Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(m_A=1,035\left(g\right)\rightarrow24a+27b=1,035\) (1)

\(Mg+2H_2SO_4đ\rightarrow MgSO_4+SO_2+2H_2O\)

a ------------ 2a ----------------------- a (mol) 

\(2Al+6H_2SO_4đ\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3SO_2+6H_2O\)

b ------------ 3b -------------------------- 1,5b (mol)

\(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{1,176}{22,4}=0,0525\left(mol\right)\rightarrow a+1,5b=0,0525\) (2) 

Giải hệ (1)(2) \(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,015\\b=0,025\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=0,015.24=0,36\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=0,025.27=0,675\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=34,78\%\\\%m_{Al}=65,22\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) \(\Sigma_{n_{H_2SO_4}}=2a+3b=0,105\left(mol\right)\)

\(\rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}=0,105.98=10,29\left(g\right)\)

c. \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgO}=n_{Mg}=0,015\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{Al}=0,0125\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\rightarrow m_{oxit}=0,015.40+0,0125.102=1,875\left(g\right)\)